β-Actin Antibody
β-Actin (also known as muscle actin or cytoskeletal actin) is composed of 375 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 42-43kDa. It is widely distributed in the cytoplasm of most tissues and cells, making it a commonly used reference protein for detecting changes in protein expression levels. β-Actin is recognized as an internal control due to its stable expression levels across different tissues and cells, although its expression may be lower in specific cases such as adipose tissues and cells.
GAPDH Antibody
GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) is a key enzyme involved in glycolysis, composed of four subunits of 30-40kDa each, totaling a molecular weight of 146kDa with detection bands around 36kDa. GAPDH gene is highly expressed in almost all tissues and cells, maintaining relatively constant levels within the same cell or tissue type and is minimally influenced by external stimuli. It is widely used as an internal reference for WB protein standardization. However, conditions like hypoxia and diabetes can increase GAPDH expression in specific cells and tissues.
